HER3 intracellular domains play a crucial role in HER3/HER2 dimerization and activation of downstream signaling pathways

Dimerization among the EGFR family of tyrosine kinase receptors leads to allosteric activation of the kinase domains of the partners. Unlike other members in the family, the kinase domain of HER3 lacks key amino acid residues for catalytic activity. As a result, HER3 is suggested to serve as an allosteric activator of other EGFR family members which include EGFR, HER2 and HER4. To study the role of intracellular domains in HER3 dimerization and activation of downstream signaling pathways, we constructed HER3/HER2 chimeric receptors by replacing the HER3 kinase domain (HER3-2-3) or both the kinase domain and the C-terminal tail (HER3-2-2) with the HER2 counterparts and expressed the chimeric receptors in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. While over expression of the intact human HER3 transformed CHO cells with oncogenic properties such as AKT/ERK activation and increased proliferation and migration, CHO cells expressing the HER3-2-3 chimeric receptor showed significantly reduced HER3/HER2 dimerization and decreased phosphorylation of both AKT and ERK1/2 in the presence of neuregulin-1 (NRG-1). In contrast, CHO cells expressing the HER3-2-2 chimeric receptor resulted in a total loss of downstream AKT activation in response to NRG-1, but maintained partial activation of ERK1/2. The results demonstrate that the intracellular domains play a crucial role in HER3's function as an allosteric activator and its role in downstream signaling.

Detection of Helicobacter pylori using Polymerase Chain Reaction / 대한임상병리학회지

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is an important etiologic agent for chronic active gastritis and plays a role in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer and stomach cancer and recently lymphomas occurring in mucosa associated lymphatic tissue. At present, H. pylori infection associated gastritis was estimated about 80% among the cause of chronic gastritis. In this study, we tested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay to detect H. pylori infection in gastric biopsy specimens. This results were compared with results obtained by other tests. METHODS: A total of 70 patients with dyspepsia were evaluated for H. pylori infection through the use of PCR, culture and serologic tests. The study population had an age of 12 to 80 years(median 46.4), there were 31 males and 39 females. We tested PCR using H. pylori detection kit(TM) (Bioneer, Korea) and anti-H. pylori anti-body EIA using GAP test IgG and IgM(TM)(BIO-RAD, USA). We used anaerobic jar without catalyst for the microaerophilic condition. RESULTS: The positive result by PCR assay for diagnosis of H. pylori infection in gastric specimens was 71.4% in total of 70 patients, which the gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer were 63.2%, 77.8% and 85.7%, respectively. Among 10 gastrectomy specimens of stomach cancers, the detection rate of H. pylori infection by culture was 50% and the PCR assay was 100%. The detection rate of If pylori IgG and IgM antibodies by commercially available GAP test IgG and IgM EIA were 64.3%, respectively, and IgG or IgM were 85.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The serologic study was sensitive but it was appeared that the high false positive (75%) and false negative (25%) rate and could not confirm current infection. The PCR assay was shown to be more sensitive, rapid and easy to treat specimen for the detection of H. pylori infection than conventional methods such as culture and serologic test in dyspeptic patients.

Detection of Helicobacter pylori using Polymerase Chain Reaction / 대한임상병리학회지

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is an important etiologic agent for chronic active gastritis and plays a role in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer and stomach cancer and recently lymphomas occurring in mucosa associated lymphatic tissue. At present, H. pylori infection associated gastritis was estimated about 80% among the cause of chronic gastritis. In this study, we tested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay to detect H. pylori infection in gastric biopsy specimens. This results were compared with results obtained by other tests. METHODS: A total of 70 patients with dyspepsia were evaluated for H. pylori infection through the use of PCR, culture and serologic tests. The study population had an age of 12 to 80 years(median 46.4), there were 31 males and 39 females. We tested PCR using H. pylori detection kit(TM) (Bioneer, Korea) and anti-H. pylori anti-body EIA using GAP test IgG and IgM(TM)(BIO-RAD, USA). We used anaerobic jar without catalyst for the microaerophilic condition. RESULTS: The positive result by PCR assay for diagnosis of H. pylori infection in gastric specimens was 71.4% in total of 70 patients, which the gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer were 63.2%, 77.8% and 85.7%, respectively. Among 10 gastrectomy specimens of stomach cancers, the detection rate of H. pylori infection by culture was 50% and the PCR assay was 100%. The detection rate of If pylori IgG and IgM antibodies by commercially available GAP test IgG and IgM EIA were 64.3%, respectively, and IgG or IgM were 85.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The serologic study was sensitive but it was appeared that the high false positive (75%) and false negative (25%) rate and could not confirm current infection. The PCR assay was shown to be more sensitive, rapid and easy to treat specimen for the detection of H. pylori infection than conventional methods such as culture and serologic test in dyspeptic patients.

Study for Emergency Patients Transportation System in Korea / 대한마취과학회지

The pre-and interhospital transportation of emergency patients has growing during the recent years to be al full-fledged component of medical practice. With this grow has arisen a need for discussion of the emergency patients transportation system required to carry out the transportation in Korea. All patients to transferred by transportation system have a common feature: the need during transportation for high-level intensive care and monitoring by specialized medical teams and equipments. This article reviewed the emergency medical service system of France (SAMU), West Germany and Japan, we proposed the following preliminary guidelines for emergency patients transportation system in Korea. 1) Emergency medical service system 2) Emergency medical hospitals 3) Emergency service area 4) Emergency transportation vehicles (ambulance, helicopter) 5) Communication system 6) 119 ambulance service system 7) Education and training of the emergency medical persons 8) Care for mass accidents.

Effects of Cardiovascular System and Arterial Blood Gas following Respinatory Pattern in One-Lung Ventilation and Pulmonary Edema / 대한마취과학회지

Nowadays the importance of respiratory therapy is increasing with the development of modern medicine. Especially effective respiratory care in the field of anesthesia and intensive care unit has close relationship to the decrease of mortality or morbidity of the critically ill patients. Compared with spontaneous respiration, so various physiological changes related to these methods can occur. Because most modernized ventilations can choose the various respiratory patterns according to the patients' respiratory condition, it is ideal to select the respiratory mode which is least hazardous and most effective to the patients. To confirm the effects of respiratory therapy on the cardiovascular system and arterial blood gas in one-lung ventilation and in pulmonary edema, we made one-lung ventilation by deep right endobronchial intubation and ppulmonary edema was induced by oleid acid (0.05g/kg. IV) to 12 mongrel dogs. And we observed the cardiovascular changes and arterial blood gas analysis in the situation of applying the inspiratory pause(0.25sec. and 0.5sec) and positive end-expiratory pressure(5cm H2O and 10cm H2O). The results were as follows: 1) One-lung Ventilation. (i) Inspiratory pause-There were no changes of cardiovascular system and arterial blood gas in the inspiratory pause of 0.25 and 0.5 sec. (ii)PEEP-In 5cmH2O of PEEP there was no change of cardiovascular system, but there was decrease in PCO2(p<0.01) on arterial blood gas. In 10cmH2O of PEEP there was increase in heart rate(p<0.05) and decrease in cardiac output(p<0.05). There was decrease in PCO2(p<0.01), but there were no changes of pH and PO2 on arterial blood gas. 2) Pulmonary edema. (i) Inspiratory pause-There was increase in heart rate(p<0.01), but there was no change of arterial blood gas in the 0.25 and 0.5sec. inspiratory pause. (ii) PEEP- In 5cmH2O PEEP there was increase in heart rate(p<0.01), but there was no change of arterial blood gas in the 0.25 and 0.5 sec. inspiratory pause. In 10cmH2O PEEP there were decrease in sBP, dBP, MAP, increase in heart rate(p<0.05) and decrease in cardiac output(p<0.01). There were increase in pH(p<0.05) and PO2(p<0.01), decrease in PCO2. According to the above results in the condition of one-lung ventilation mechanical ventilation with inspiratory pause(0.25 or 0.5 sec) was not helpful to respiratory care. 5cmH2O PEEP could improve the pulmonary ventilation without ay changes of cardiovascular system, but 10cmH2O PEEP increased heart rate and decrease cardiac output. In the condition of pulmonary edema, mechanical ventilation with inspiratory pause(0.25 or 0.5 sec) could not improve the pulmonary ventilation with depression of cardiovascular system. PEEP (5 or 10 cmH2O) could improve the pulmonary condition in proportion to PEEP, but it also depressed the cardiovascular system. Therefore we concluded that mild degree PEEP (5cmH2O) may be helpful to the one-lung ventilation or pulmonary edema.

The Effects of Atropine and Neostigmine on Heart Rate / 대한마취과학회지

To confirm the effects of atropine and neostigmine on heart rate in balanced anesthesia with tramadol (Tridol) two groups of patients who were included in class I by A.S.A. classification were studied. In group I, only atropine(1.0 mg) was given to 8 patients at the end of operation. Group 2, a mixture of atropine(1. 0 mg) and neostigmine (2.0 mg) was given to 16 patients under the same condition as group 1. The heart rate was checked every 15 seconds for 10 minntes in each group. The results were as followes:1) In group 1, about 16% increase in heart rate was manifested at 11/4 minutes after injection. After that the was no significant change in heart rate. 2) In group 2, about 19% increase in heart rate was observed at 1 minute after injection. After that 28% decrease in heart rate was noted 6 minutes after injection. After that there was no significant change in heart rate. 3) There was no significant difference between the two groups at 1 minute after injection. 4) When a mixture of atropine and neostigmine was given, atropine effect appeared earlier than neostigmine. Therefore if a mixture of atropine and neostigmine is used, we don't need to inject it very slowly in anticipation of bradycardia.5) Even though the IV route is uncertain, neostigmine triggered bradycardia can be controlled by using it mixed with atropine. because shortly after infection of the mixture no bradycardia occurs, the operator has sufficient time to correct it should it be set in later.

Balanced Anesthesia with Controlled Tramadol-Infusion / 대한마취과학회지

Tramadol(Tridol) was developed by Grunenthal GmbH as a new non-narcotic analgesic agent. It was used as a new anesthetic agent by Stoffregen who works in Hage, West Germany, instead of neurolept-anesthetics which make sometimes cause severe post-anesthetic respiratory insufficiency. From September to December 1982, 40 cases of balanced anesthesia with controlled tramadol infusion were performed at Chung Ang Univ. Hospital. The anesthetic results were compared with 72 cases of halothane anesthesia: 1) During anesthetic induction, changes of systolic blood pressure were similar in both 2 groups, but the heart rate was stabler in the tramsdol group. 2) Tramadol has little effect on muscular relaxation. 3) Tramadol anesthesia has very rapid post-anesthetic consciousness recovery time and this little respiratory depression. 4) Post-operative pain was minor in tramadol anesthesia compared to neurolept-anesthesia. 5) The technique of use was very simple, safe and economically cheap in balanced anesthesia with controlled tramadol-infusion.

Potassium Metabolism with Surgical Strese / 대한마취과학회지

82 patients who had not specific disturbed conditions, were examined potassium metabolism with various surgical stress in pre-and post-anesthesia. Author determines degrees of surgical stress by factors of surgical duration and estimated blood loss. And measured potassium concentration, pH, pCO2, pO2 and osomlarity in serum on pre-and post-anestbetic pericd, with excreted urinary potassium during surgery. The results are followed; 1) The plasma potassium concentration was more decreased following severer surgical stress. 2) Uninary potassium concentration and amount were more increased following severer surgical stress. 3) The pathophysiology of potassium disturbance with surgical stress was asociated by increased secretion of mineralocorticoid and anti-diuretic hormone. 4) After post-anesthesia, patients with severe surgical stress should be measured serum potassium concentration and corrected.

Respiratory Management in Neurosurgical Field

No abstract available.